Jade Huchun Ping: Also called Jade Huchun vase, it is a Song porcelain A typical artifact with the characteristics of the times. It is popular in a wide area and has been used for a long time. It has been fired in kilns in various dynasties since the Song Dynasty. Its shape evolved from the water purification bottles in temples in the Tang Dynasty. The basic shape is a curled mouth, a thin neck, a hanging belly, and a circle foot. It is a type of bottle with a softly changing arc as its outline. The unique feature of its shape is that the neck is thin, and the center of the neck is slightly convergent. The neck gradually widens downwards and transitions into an apricot-shaped drooping abdomen. The curve changes slowly and gently; the circle feet are relatively large, either introverted or outward. . The shape of this bottle was finalized in the Song Dynasty. It has gone through the Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic of China and modern times, and has become one of the typical objects in the shape of Chinese porcelain.
Garlic bottle: Porcelain garlic bottle was first fired in the Song Dynasty , popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with Jingdezhen kiln products being the most common. The varieties include blue and white, multicolored, blue and gold, etc. Garlic bottles from Jingdezhen kilns in the Ming and Qing Dynasties include blue and white, multicolored, pastel, as well as blue glaze, sauce glaze and other single-color glaze varieties. The Jiajing garlic vase of the Ming Dynasty is decorated with piles of plastic on the shoulders; the Chenghua garlic vase of the Ming Dynasty has only a petal-shaped mouth, and the ears are randomly piled with plastic; the Zhengde garlic vase of the Ming Dynasty has a halberd on the belly of the bottle; the Wanli garlic vase of the Ming Dynasty has a halberd on the belly; It tends to be simplified, and there is no garlic in the mouth, but the shape of the vessel is tall and blue and white are the most common. The shape of garlic bottles in the Qing Dynasty tends to be light and beautiful.
Mei Ping: Also known as "Jing Ping", the earliest Appeared in the Tang Dynasty, it was more popular during the Song and Liao Dynasties, and many new varieties appeared. In modern times, Xu Zhiheng described the shape, characteristics and origin of the name of the plum vase in detail in his book "Yin Liu Zhai Shuo Porcelain": "The plum vase has a thin mouth and a short neck, extremely broad shoulders, a slightly narrow shin, and a foot-slight. The plum vase is rich and the diameter is only commensurate with the thinness of the plum, hence the name plum vase." Regarding the use of the plum vase, the Cizhou kiln plum vase has a white ground and black flowers on the belly. There are poems about "pure wine" and "drunken country with sea of wine". The plum vase is both a wine vessel and an admirable ornament. Therefore, most of these vessels are exquisitely made, not only taking into account the wine storage capacity, but also paying attention to the beautiful shape.
Willow LeafVase:The shape of the vase is a slender mouth, short neck, and plump shoulders. The lower part of the shoulder is thinned to the foot, and the foot is concave. The body of the vase is slender and shaped like a willow leaf, so it is also known as the "Beauty Shoulder". The Kangxi cowpea red glazed willow leaf vase, created by the Jingdezhen kiln of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, is an extremely precious product.
Gallbladder bottle: Straight mouth, long neck, sharpened The shoulders and lower abdomen are plump, and the shape of the organ is like a gallbladder, hence the name. This style was fired in Ge kilns and Jun kilns in the Song Dynasty. It was more common in Jingdezhen kilns in the Qing Dynasty, and most of them were single-color glazes. Gourd, hence the name. Created in the Longquan kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty, they are more common in the Jingdezhen kilns of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and have square, hexagonal, octagonal, upper-circle-lower and flat-belly equations. Varieties include blue and white, multicolored, white glaze, yellow glaze, etc. Some have the word "Daji" written on them. Most of the treasures in ancient ceramics are for royal nobles to appreciate and play with, rather than for practical use.
Elephant leg bottle: That is, a unified bottle. A porcelain shape created in the Qing Dynasty. The shape of the bottle has a wide mouth, a short neck, shoulders as wide as the mouth, a straight tube body, a flat bottom, and a shape like thick elephant legs, so it is also called "elephant leg bottle". Because "tong" and "tong" are homophonic, it has the meaning of "unification of the Qing Dynasty". It was mostly seen in the Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties in the early Qing Dynasty, and the varieties include blue and white and multicolored.
Tianqiu bottle:Tianqiu bottle is greatly influenced by West Asian culture A deep porcelain shape, created and fired in the Jingdezhen kiln during the Yongle and Xuande years of the Ming Dynasty. Blue and white are mostly seen, and the sea dragon pattern is the most precious. In the Yongle Dynasty, ornamental bottles began to become popular, and in the Xuande period, they became more popular. The shape of the bottle is a small mouth, straight neck, plump shoulders, false ring feet, and slightly concave sand bottom. Because the belly of the ball is huge, it looks like it has fallen from the sky, hence its name.
Hard mallet bottle: Also known as round mallet bottle, mainly Refers to the style of the Kangxi period, with a round mouth, short straight neck, rounded shoulders, long cylindrical belly, circle feet, and a flat-cut two-story platform at the bottom. The size varies, the tall one is about 70 centimeters, and the short one is only a dozen centimeters. The belly of the vessel can be divided into height and thickness; if the belly is thick, the vessel will be solemn in shape, about 40 cm high; if the belly is thin, the vessel will be beautiful in shape.
Flower mouth vase:Porcelain vase style1. It is named because the mouth of the bottle is like an open petal, with a thin neck, round belly and slender feet. It first appeared in the Tang Dynasty and became more popular in the Song Dynasty. During the Song Dynasty, they were all fired in Jingdezhen, Cizhou, Pacun, Yaozhou and other kilns. The common feature of the products from each kiln is that the necks are slightly curved, while the differences lie in the changes in the abdomen and feet of the objects. The blue and white glazed porcelain of the Jingdezhen kiln has an oblong belly and a rounded foot, while the white ground black flower, three-color and black glazed bottles from the Cizhou kiln and the products of the Yaozhou kiln have a round belly and a trumpet-shaped foot. There were still productions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Turn the Heart Vase:Xu Zhiheng's "Drinking Liuzhai Talking about Porcelain" "" There is a mention of such a kind of porcelain: "The belly of the bottle is exquisite and clear, with two sides visible, and there is a bottle inside the bottle that can also rotate, just like the ivory ball carved in art. If it is like this, it is called turning the heart, and it is a treasure of the inner palace. It’s a special item to appreciate.” The National Palace Museum in Taipei has the porcelain described above - the Qianlong Ji Qingqing blue-green pastel heart-shaped vase.
The large blue and white Guigu Xiashan jar fetched an auction record of 230 million yuan, making it the most expensive Chinese porcelain so far. This porcelain vase was produced by an official kiln in the 30th year of Qianlong's reign. It should have been exiled overseas from the imperial palace or Yuanmingyuan.
Olive bottle: Skirting mouth, short neck, shoulders, The neck is retracted, the abdomen is slightly bulging, the feet are turned outward, the mouth and bottom are similar in size, and the body of the bottle is like an olive, hence the name. It was created in the Dengfeng kiln in Henan during the Song Dynasty and was still fired in the Qing Dynasty. The shape has changed slightly, with a slightly longer neck and a well-proportioned and beautiful shape.
Tibetan grass bottle: Also known as nectar bottle, bottle style One is a special vessel made by the Qing court for Tibetan monks to plant grass for Buddha, so it is called Tibetan Grass Vase. It had been fired during the Yongzheng period. During the Qianlong period, the products had round lips, straight necks with convex string patterns, plump shoulders, gradually tapered lower abdomen, shin girdle, and turned-out feet. This type of bottle has no inscription and is generally recognized as a product made by Qianlong.
The large-scale production of Tibetan Buddhist utensils in Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory was not a whim of Emperor Qianlong, but had a very profound mystery. After the Qing Dynasty took over the Central Plains, it always attached great importance to and supported Tibetan Buddhism, and took this as an important measure to preserve "the eternal rock of the Qing Dynasty's foundation." Emperor Qianlong was extremely interested in Tibetan Buddhism, which undoubtedly had far-reaching political reasons.
Multi-tube bottle: The shoulder of the bottle is shaped with an upward upright tube, hence the name. Straight mouth , with a flower-shaped button cap, and the bottle body is of cylindrical or multi-section gourd type, usually with five tubes. It is named after the upright polygonal or circular tubes distributed on each side of the shoulder. During the Southern Song Dynasty, on the one hand, due to the needs of the southern officials and the people, and on the other hand, the government encouraged overseas shipping trade, the output increased rapidly, forming a bridge near today's Longquan County and Lishui County. The large kilns in eight counties are imitated by kilns along the coast of Fujian, and their products are sold in Korea, Japan, Ryukyu, Southeast Asia and even the east coast of Africa.
Guanyin bottle: Also known as "Guanyin Zun", it is one of the popular bottle styles from Kangxi to Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. The vessel has an extravagant mouth. The neck is short, the shoulders are large, the arc under the shoulders is inward, and it is turned outward below the shin. The bottle has a slender body and smooth lines. During the Kangxi Dynasty, there were many bottles made in Jingdezhen, and sometimes the bottle and the statue were in the same place. It is difficult to distinguish in terms of names. Generally speaking, those with large mouths and small abdomens are called bottles, and colorful and blue and white products are more common.
Ancient ceramic jar
Lid jars: That is, jars with lids. Some pottery jars in the Neolithic Age were equipped with special lids. For example, the lid jars of the Qijia culture unearthed from Huangniangniangtai, Wuwei, Gansu Province, look like Inverted open bowl. The lid of the red pottery bird jar unearthed in Zhaoshigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, looks like an inverted straight wall wash. The Northern and Southern Dynasties paid more attention to the decoration of the lid buttons. After the Song Dynasty, the lid buttons were more abundantly decorated, including lion buttons, jade buttons and tower buttons. , orb-style buttons, etc.
Five-joint can: Yes. Popular in the Eastern Han DynastyBurial utensils. It is shaped like a large central pot with four small pots or pots surrounding it, and the bellies are not connected to each other. In addition, the body of the vessel is also piled with sculptures of various rare birds and auspicious animals. There are two types of can lids: double-line half-ring buttons or bird-shaped buttons. After the Three Kingdoms period, the five-unit jar evolved into a barn jar with piles of plastic pavilions.
Double-lip jar: Also known as double-mouth jar, double-lip jar Mouth jars were popular from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties, and were mostly unearthed in the Jiangnan area. The shape is double mouth, the inner mouth is straight, the outer mouth is slightly lower than the inner mouth and extravagant, the shoulders are rounded, the belly is retracted, and the bottom is flat, similar to the shape of today's kimchi jar. Judging from the unearthed conditions, the double-lip jars before the Western Jin Dynasty had a shorter body, and the shoulders were decorated with flat vertical strips and horizontal half-rings. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the bodies became taller, the diameter of the inner mouth was larger, and the shoulders also had half-rings. Ring system.
Bird food jar: A small jar containing bird food . Black glazed vessels were unearthed from a tomb in Zhenjiang in the 13th year of the Yongyuan year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (101 AD). Among the handed down items there are occasional relics from the Tang and Song Dynasties. In terms of vessel shape, Jingdezhen fired the most abundant types during the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, including bowl-shaped, melon-shaped, horizontal bamboo-shaped, cylinder-shaped, pot-shaped, water bowl-shaped, etc. All kinds of bird food jars have a fixed ring system on one side. The bird food jars made in subsequent generations mostly imitated the Xuande style.
Stacked plastic barn jars: also known as barn, Funeral jars and soul bottles were developed from the five-jointed jars of the Eastern Han Dynasty. They were specially made for burials and were popular in the Wu and Jin Dynasties of the Three Kingdoms. They were made of pottery or porcelain. The common form is a lip-mouthed deep-belly jar, with Buddha statues, unicorns, redbirds, pavement rings and other decorative patterns sculpted around the belly of the jar. There are double ques, figures, birds, etc. at the mouth, and there is an inverted straight wall-wash cover on the top.
Pagoda jar: A jar with Buddhist characteristics , mostly composed of two parts: a jar and a jar base, and were popular in the Tang Dynasty. The black-glazed tower jar unearthed from Huangbao Town, Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province, has a turned lip, a short neck and shoulders, a round belly, the lower part of the belly gradually tapers, and a stamped leaf pattern. The hollow polygonal base is decorated with Buddha statues, flowers, etc. The cover is in the shape of a seven-level empty tower. On the top is a little monkey with its legs bent and its body straight, stroking its head and pressing its knees, and looking comfortably into the distance.
Horizontal bolt lid jar: Also known asJars with ear-clip lids and jars with clip-on lids. The lidded jar unearthed from the tomb of the Southern Han Dynasty of the Fifth Dynasty in Shima Village, Panyu, Guangdong has a straight mouth with broad shoulders, gradually tapering below, a long round belly, and a circle foot. There are two pairs of symmetrical plate-type button seats with holes on the shoulders. Rectangular cross bolts with holes protrude from symmetrical positions on both sides of the cover. When the cover is closed, the cross bolts are inserted into the button base and match the axis holes of the button base. They can be fixed with pins in the two holes, or only the axis hole on one side can be fixed. Can be opened and closed freely without falling off.
Lotus leaf-shaped lid jar: Popular in the Yuan Dynasty, There are firings at both the north and south kiln entrances. It is named after the mouth of the jar is covered with a lotus leaf-shaped lid. A blue and white cloud-dragon-patterned lotus-leaf-shaped lid jar was unearthed in 1980 in Gao'an, Jiangxi Province. The jar has a round body and a wavy edge on the lotus-leaf lid. It uses a lotus stem as a button and uses green material as the center to draw a rotating radial leaf vein pattern.
Four-spirit pagoda jar: with religious meaning Tank type. Appeared in the Yuan Dynasty and developed from the tower jars of the Tang Dynasty. The Yuan blue and white underglaze red four-spirited pagoda jar collected by the Jiangxi Provincial Museum has a flat mouth, short neck, sloping shoulders, lowered belly, flat bottom, and the belly is decorated with the "Four Spirits" of Qinglong, White Tiger, Suzaku and Xuanwu. The hat-shaped cover covers the mouth of the jar, and the top of the lid is in the shape of a Lama pagoda. The base of the pagoda is a hexagonal Xumizuo. There is a Buddha statue in the pagoda niche. The root of the pagoda has a pattern of upward lotus petals.
Hollow jar: A popular jar style during the Yuan and Ming dynasties . There are pottery and porcelain products. The red pottery amphora unearthed from the Neolithic site of Huangniangniangtai in Wuwei, Gansu Province has a triangular hollow decoration on the lower part of the belly. Enamel jars in the Ming Dynasty also often used hollowing techniques to decorate the belly of the jar.
Axis head jar: Popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was created during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty and got its name because the jar resembles the axis head of a scroll painting. The shape is small at the top and large at the bottom, with an oblique straight abdomen, a rounded bottom and a concave bottom. There is a board edge between the neck and the abdomen, and an arc-shaped hat-like cover. There were many imitations in the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties of the Qing Dynasty.
Winter melon jar: Converged mouth, plump shoulders, long round belly, It has fake hoop feet, a flat bead button and a flat cover, shaped like a winter melon, hence its name. Its shape was first seen in the tomb of King Chu Zhao during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty in Longquan, Wuhan, Hubei Province. Since then, this shape has not been seen again in the Daoguang Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty.And became an extremely popular shape. During the Daoguang and Xianfeng periods, the lid buttons looked like pearls, but after Tongzhi, they looked like candle flames.
Jin with a halberd lid: A jar that appeared in the Xuande Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty Mode. It has a straight mouth, wide shoulders and a wide flat bottom, with 8 rectangular flat wrenches protruding from the shoulders, painted with blue and white folded flowers; the body of the jar is layered with blue and white eight auspicious patterns and blue Sanskrit characters. The lid of the jar with the lotus petal pattern collapses at the top, and the bottom of the jar has the same words corresponding to it. It is a Buddhist ritual vessel.
Zhuang jar: Popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Straight mouth, folded shoulders, tube belly, folded inward under the abdomen, and covered. The mouth and foot diameters of the jars are basically the same. During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, the glaze of the products was plump and moist. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, there were many imitations, and the glaze layer was thin.
Cricket jar: A jar dedicated to raising and fighting crickets . There are two types: pottery and porcelain. Porcelain products are mainly produced in Jingdezhen. The wares fired during the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty are in the shape of a drum, with a concave lid and money-shaped pores. A six-character single-line blue and white inscription is written vertically on the lid, and a six-character double-circle annual inscription on the bottom. During the Wanli period, there were many changes in shape, including round, square, plum blossom, melon edge, fan, and eight directions. There were still firings in the Qing Dynasty.
Tianzi jar: A small type of jar made during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty The jar with doucai lid is named after the blue and white word "天" (天) on the bottom of the jar without side rails. It has a straight mouth, short neck, rounded shoulders, introverted lower part of the bulging belly, inwardly dug round feet, and a cover. The cover mostly has a flat top, slightly convex, straight wall, covering the mouth of the jar. The abdomen is mostly decorated with seahorse patterns, as well as seawater dragon patterns, twining lotus patterns and other patterns. There were imitations made during the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns of the Qing Dynasty. The carcasses of the Kangxi dynasty imitations were thick and heavy, while the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasty carcasses were thin and thin, with obvious swirl patterns visible under the glaze.
Lotus seed jar: Popular during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty. It has a straight mouth, drooping shoulders, oblong bulging belly, circle feet, attached cover, the cover is slightly bulging, and the overall shape is like a lotus seed.
General Jar:A vessel used by Buddhist monks to collect ashes. Orb top cover shapeIt is named after it looks like a general's helmet. It first appeared in the Jiajing and Wanli dynasties of the Ming Dynasty, and was basically finalized by the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. It was most popular in the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty. The body of the jar has a straight mouth, broad shoulders and narrow belly, a flat sand bottom, and a high round lid with a beaded top.
Melon-edge jar: It was more popular in the Ming Dynasty, because the jar body It is named after its melon-shaped shape. During the Jiajing and Wanli periods, the firing volume was relatively large.
Porridge jar: Popular in the Qing Dynasty, beginning in the Kangxi period Create. It has a straight mouth, round shoulders, a deep belly, a slightly convergent bottom, and a circle foot. There are symmetrical double holes on the shoulder of the device, which can be tied with a rope or equipped with a metal ring for easy carrying. After Tongzhi, porridge pots were widely used and output increased sharply.
Drum pot: Popular from the Kangxi to Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty . The vessel is shaped like a drum, usually without a lid. The upper and lower parts of the jar are decorated with raised drum nails, and a pair of headbands are sculpted on the abdomen. Only the open blue-glazed drum jars from the Yongzheng Dynasty have lids on their mouths.
Sun and Moon Jar: Neck mouth and shoulders, long round belly , with a circle foot, an arc-shaped round cover like the sun, and the belly attached to the ears like a crescent moon, so it is called "Sun and Moon Jar" and "Crescent Ear Jar". First seen in the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, it is one of the unique shapes of official kilns from the Yongzheng to Daoguang periods.
Watermelon jar: It has a rounded mouth and a round belly, shaped like a watermelon , and resembles a pearl, so it is called "watermelon jar" or "watermelon altar" in the south, and "a bead jar" in the north. The shape was created in the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty and continued until the Republic of China. Flat cover, the cover button looks like a pearl in the early stage, and looks like a candle flame in the later stage.
